Cervical Cancer: Types, causes, symptoms, prevention & treatment

Cervical Cancer: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women, recording 604,000 new cases in 2020. Approximately 90% of the 342,000 cervical cancer-related deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Central America, and South-East Asia bear the highest burdens of cervical cancer incidence and mortality. 

Cervical cancer is a formidable health challenge, claiming the lives of 75,000 individuals in the country annually. To comprehend the gravity of this disease, it is essential to delve into its symptoms, preventive measures, and the role of vaccination.

Also Read: HPV vaccine for cervical cancer to get cheaper? Here’s all you need to know

Here is all you need to know about Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer? 

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus connecting it to the vagina. Most cervical cancers are caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. The virus can lead to changes in the cervical cells, eventually resulting in the development of cancer. 

Types of Cervical Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common type, arising from the cells lining the outer part of the cervix.

Adenocarcinoma: This type originates in the glandular cells lining the cervical canal and is less common.

Causes of Cervical Cancer

Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Persistent infection with certain high-risk strains of HPV is a primary cause.
Smoking: Long-term smoking is a significant risk factor.
Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications increase susceptibility
Use of Oral Contraceptives: Prolonged use of birth control pills may be associated with a slightly higher risk
                     

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

•    Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause.
•    Menstrual bleeding that is heavier and lasts longer than usual.
•    Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor.
•    Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
•    Increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
•    Symptoms like persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis

Also Read: Cervical Cancer Awareness: Role of HPV & preventive measures

Treatment of Cervical Cancer

•    Thermal ablation, which involves using a heated probe to burn off cells;
•    Cryotherapy, which involves using a cold probe to freeze off the cells;
•    LEETZ (large loop excision of the transformation zone), which involves removing your abnormal tissues with an electrically heated loop; and/or

•    Drugs may be used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
•    Enhance the body's immune response to fight cancer

Meanwhile, prevention strategies, including HPV vaccination, regular screening (Pap smears), and practicing safe intercourse can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer