India reports 2 Nipah virus cases; WHO dismisses need for travel and trade curbs | Symptoms to watch for

PTC Web Desk: The World Health Organization (WHO) on Friday stated that the current Nipah virus situation in India carries a low risk of wider spread, and there is no requirement for travel or trade restrictions, even as two confirmed cases have raised regional alert levels.

The WHO’s assessment comes amid reports that several Asian nations have increased health screening for travellers arriving from affected areas, following concerns over the virus’s high fatality rate.

WHO assessment on Nipah virus risk

In a situation update released on its official platform, the global health body said there is no evidence of heightened human-to-human transmission linked to the recent cases. According to WHO, the national, regional and global risk remains low at this stage.

The two infections were detected in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, with health authorities confirming that both patients remained within the district while symptomatic. WHO noted that there was no travel history during the infectious period, significantly lowering the possibility of further spread.

“The likelihood of transmission to other parts of India or across international borders is considered low,” the agency said, adding that no travel or trade restrictions are recommended based on current findings.

Understanding Nipah virus

Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease, meaning it is transmitted from animals to humans, most commonly through fruit bats. Infection can occur via contaminated food or close physical contact with infected animals or individuals.

The illness is known for its high mortality rate, which ranges between 40% and 75%, depending on outbreak conditions and access to healthcare. While human-to-human transmission is possible, WHO notes that it generally requires close and prolonged contact, making widespread transmission less likely.

Symptoms to watch for

Early symptoms of Nipah infection are often non-specific, including fever, headache and muscle pain, which can make early diagnosis challenging. As the disease progresses, patients may develop neurological symptoms, indicating acute encephalitis or brain inflammation.

In severe cases, patients can experience breathing difficulties, seizures, and rapid progression to coma within a few days. While many survivors recover fully, some may suffer long-term neurological complications.

Vaccine and treatment status

Currently, there are no approved vaccines or specific treatments available for Nipah virus infection. Medical care primarily focuses on supportive treatment and managing complications.

However, several vaccine and therapeutic candidates are under development, including one being researched by scientists at Oxford University, who earlier contributed to COVID-19 vaccine development.

Health authorities continue to monitor the situation closely while urging vigilance, early reporting of symptoms, and adherence to public health guidelines.