Hormonal shifts in women’s early 40s linked to adenomyosis, endometriosis and other reproductive health concerns
PTC Web Desk: As women approach their early 40s, subtle but significant hormonal changes can play a major role in reproductive health, with conditions such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, fibroids, and irregular menstrual cycles becoming more prevalent. Experts say that understanding how each hormone functions and how lifestyle choices influence hormonal balance can help reduce the risk and manage symptoms.
Hormones and their roles in women’s health
Estrogen: Regulates menstrual cycles, supports the growth of the uterine lining, and affects bone density. Excess levels can aggravate adenomyosis and endometriosis.
Progesterone: Balances estrogen’s effects, stabilises the uterine lining and supports pregnancy. Declining levels may trigger heavy or irregular bleeding.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates ovarian follicles to mature. Rising levels in the 40s signal reduced ovarian reserve.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation and helps regulate the menstrual cycle; irregular secretion may cause cycle disturbances.
Testosterone: Present in smaller amounts in women, it supports muscle mass, mood, and libido. Imbalances can affect energy and metabolism.
Cortisol: The stress hormone; chronic elevation disrupts reproductive hormones and worsens inflammation.
Thyroid Hormones (T3, T4): Regulate metabolism; imbalances can mimic or worsen menstrual irregularities.
Link between hormones and conditions like adenomyosis & endometriosis
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows into the uterine muscle, while endometriosis involves growth of similar tissue outside the uterus. Both conditions are influenced by estrogen dominance and inflammatory processes. Hormonal fluctuations in the early 40s — particularly a drop in progesterone and irregular estrogen levels — can accelerate the onset or aggravation of symptoms such as pelvic pain, bloating, heavy bleeding, and fatigue.
Experts say the perimenopausal transition often begins around the early 40s. Women experiencing worsening symptoms should not dismiss them as ‘normal ageing’ — timely diagnosis and hormone balancing can improve quality of life.
Diet for hormonal balance
Nutrition plays a critical role in moderating hormone production, reducing inflammation, and supporting liver function, essential for metabolising excess estrogen.
Foods to Include: Fibre-rich vegetables (broccoli, kale, carrots) – aid estrogen metabolism
Healthy fats (avocados, nuts, flaxseeds) promote hormone synthesis.
Lean protein (fish, eggs, legumes) supports muscle and metabolic health.
Fermented foods (yogurt, kefir, kimchi) improve gut health, which influences hormone regulation.
Anti-inflammatory spices (turmeric, ginger) reduce pain and swelling.
Green tea rich in antioxidants to help reduce oxidative stress.
What to avoid for hormonal health
Processed and sugary foods spike insulin and worsen inflammation.
Refined carbohydrates contribute to weight gain and estrogen imbalance.
Excess caffeine and alcohol disrupt sleep and liver function.
High-sodium packaged foods can exacerbate bloating and water retention.
Plastics and chemical-laden containers may leach endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
Beyond diet: Other lifestyle strategies
Regular exercise (yoga, walking, strength training) for weight management and stress relief.
Adequate sleep to support hormone repair cycles.
Mindfulness practices like meditation to lower cortisol.
Regular medical check-ups for early detection of reproductive and thyroid issues.
(This article is based on general facts. Please take medical advice for managing disease and symptoms)
- With inputs from agencies
